Challenges
The Gate Control Theory of Pain guides providers, to a certain extent, in foreseeing resistance to certain pain interventions both on the level of the patient and of advanced nursing practice (Melzack & Wall, 1965). The theory states that pain can be influenced by past pain experiences. Given this knowledge, we can ensure we discuss such factors with our patients when choosing pain modalities. Therefore, it behoves us as providers to take a complete history to include a patient’s pain history, their experience with past modalities, and their understanding of why certain modalities did or did not sufficiently manage their pain. Furthermore, we must assess the psychosocial well-being of the patient.
The Gate Control Theory further guides providers in anticipating problems by stating that pain perception can be affected by a patient’s current emotional state. Heightened fear, anxiety or anger may increase perception of pain (NIH, 2015). Conversely, a sense of control over one’s pain and trust in one’s treatment modality may allow for less perception of pain (NIH, 2015). Given this knowledge, providers can provide anticipatory guidance and remind patients that emotions can affect pain and that stress reduction, meditation and strong social support may help patients modulate their pain regardless or the treatment modality (NIH, 2015).
The Gate Control Theory further guides providers in anticipating problems by stating that pain perception can be affected by a patient’s current emotional state. Heightened fear, anxiety or anger may increase perception of pain (NIH, 2015). Conversely, a sense of control over one’s pain and trust in one’s treatment modality may allow for less perception of pain (NIH, 2015). Given this knowledge, providers can provide anticipatory guidance and remind patients that emotions can affect pain and that stress reduction, meditation and strong social support may help patients modulate their pain regardless or the treatment modality (NIH, 2015).